{"methodology_version":"2.0","methodology_status":"stable","methodology_description":"Service quality across seven services (adult social care now includes CQC's assessment), value for money on four (spend compared with councils of similar need and results), and financial health (reserves, debt costs and borrowing, schools-funding deficit, government bailouts).","snapshot_id":"0531664dbc32","generated_at":"2026-10-13T17:36:14+00:00","groups":{"all":"All 130","london":"London boroughs","metropolitan":"Metropolitan boroughs","unitary":"Unitary councils"},"pillars":{"service_quality":{"name":"Service quality","weight":0.6},"value_for_money":{"name":"Value for money","weight":0.2},"financial_health":{"name":"Financial health","weight":0.2},"context":{"name":"Context","weight":0.0}},"context_indicators":["population_total","spend_total_per_head","imd_average_score","housing_bb_families_over_6_weeks","council_control","council_seats","audit_status_latest","audit_years_without_opinion","council_tax_band_d","council_tax_change_pct","council_tax_band_d_total"],"domains":{"planning":{"name":"Planning","pillar":"service_quality","weight":1.0,"indicators":{"planning_major_in_time":0.5,"planning_nonmajor_in_time":0.5}},"waste":{"name":"Waste & recycling","pillar":"service_quality","weight":1.0,"indicators":{"waste_recycling_rate":0.5,"waste_residual_per_household":0.5}},"complaints":{"name":"Complaints","pillar":"service_quality","weight":1.0,"indicators":{"lgsco_upheld_per_100k":0.5,"lgsco_uphold_rate":0.25,"lgsco_timely_compliance_rate":0.25}},"children_services":{"name":"Children's services","pillar":"service_quality","weight":1.5,"indicators":{"ofsted_overall":0.8,"ofsted_subjudgements":0.2}},"adult_social_care":{"name":"Adult social care","pillar":"service_quality","weight":1.5,"indicators":{"cqc_la_score_pct":0.4,"asc_quality_of_life_adjusted":0.18,"asc_user_satisfaction":0.15,"asc_reablement_at_home":0.09,"asc_living_at_home":0.09,"asc_feel_safe":0.09}},"send":{"name":"Special educational needs","pillar":"service_quality","weight":1.0,"indicators":{"ehcp_within_20_weeks":1.0}},"housing":{"name":"Homelessness","pillar":"service_quality","weight":1.0,"indicators":{"housing_prevention_success":0.45,"housing_relief_success":0.35,"housing_ta_per_1000":0.2}},"reserves":{"name":"Reserves","pillar":"financial_health","weight":1.0,"indicators":{"fh_reserves_pct_nre":0.85,"fh_reserves_change_pct_nre":0.15}},"debt":{"name":"Debt","pillar":"financial_health","weight":1.0,"indicators":{"fh_debt_servicing_pct_nre":0.5,"fh_gf_cfr_pct_nre":0.5}},"dsg_deficit":{"name":"Schools funding deficit","pillar":"financial_health","weight":1.0,"indicators":{"fh_dsg_deficit_pct_nre":1.0}},"bailouts":{"name":"Government bailouts","pillar":"financial_health","weight":0.0,"indicators":{"fh_efs_pct_nre":1.0}},"council_tax":{"name":"Council tax","pillar":"context","weight":1.0,"indicators":{"council_tax_band_d":1.0}},"adult_social_care_value":{"name":"Adult social care value for money","pillar":"value_for_money","weight":1.5,"indicators":{"spend_asc_per_adult":1.0},"value":{"outcome":"adult_social_care","spend":"spend_asc_per_adult","need":["idaopi_average_score","population_65_plus_pct","london"]}},"children_services_value":{"name":"Children's services value for money","pillar":"value_for_money","weight":1.5,"indicators":{"spend_csc_per_child":1.0},"value":{"outcome":"children_services","spend":"spend_csc_per_child","need":["idaci_average_score","london"]}},"waste_value":{"name":"Waste value for money","pillar":"value_for_money","weight":1.0,"indicators":{"spend_waste_per_dwelling":1.0},"value":{"outcome":"waste","spend":"spend_waste_per_dwelling","need":["imd_average_score","london","rural_share_pct"]}},"planning_value":{"name":"Planning value for money","pillar":"value_for_money","weight":0.5,"indicators":{"spend_planning_per_decision":1.0},"value":{"outcome":"planning","spend":"spend_planning_per_decision","need":["london"]}}},"pillar_rules":{"financial_health":{"indicator":"fh_efs_pct_nre","above":0,"style":"soft"}},"indicators":{"council_tax_band_d":{"name":"Band D council tax (council element)","domain":"council_tax","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":true,"notes":"Line 9: includes the adult social care precept, excludes parish precepts. Shown for context; not scored","source":"MHCLG — Council Tax levels set by local authorities","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/council-tax-statistics"},"council_tax_change_pct":{"name":"Band D council tax change on previous year","domain":"council_tax","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":"Context only","source":"MHCLG — Council Tax levels set by local authorities","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/council-tax-statistics"},"council_tax_band_d_total":{"name":"Band D council tax total bill (incl. GLA/police/fire/combined authority)","domain":"council_tax","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":"Line 17. What a Band D resident actually pays; not all of it is set by the council.","source":"MHCLG — Council Tax levels set by local authorities","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/council-tax-statistics"},"planning_major_in_time":{"name":"Major planning decisions made in time (24 months)","domain":"planning","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":true,"notes":"Within 13 weeks, or 16 weeks for environmental impact assessment cases, or the time limit agreed with the applicant (planning performance agreement or extension of time). Agreed extensions count as in time. Government designation measure.","source":"MHCLG — Planning application statistics (PS2)","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/live-tables-on-planning-application-statistics"},"planning_nonmajor_in_time":{"name":"Non-major planning decisions made in time (24 months)","domain":"planning","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":true,"notes":"Minor + other applications within 8 weeks, or the time limit agreed with the applicant (planning performance agreement, extension of time or EIA). Agreed extensions count as in time.","source":"MHCLG — Planning application statistics (PS2)","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/live-tables-on-planning-application-statistics"},"waste_recycling_rate":{"name":"Household waste sent for reuse recycling or composting","domain":"waste","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":true,"notes":"Ex NI192","source":"DEFRA — Local authority collected waste management","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/local-authority-collected-waste-management-annual-results"},"waste_residual_per_household":{"name":"Residual household waste per household","domain":"waste","unit":"kg","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":true,"notes":"Ex NI191","source":"DEFRA — Local authority collected waste management","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/local-authority-collected-waste-management-annual-results"},"lgsco_uphold_rate":{"name":"Ombudsman investigations upheld","domain":"complaints","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":true,"notes":"Upheld / (upheld + not upheld). Small counts - interpret with care.","source":"Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman — annual review data","source_url":"https://www.lgo.org.uk/information-centre/reports/annual-review-reports/local-government-complaint-reviews"},"lgsco_upheld_per_100k":{"name":"Ombudsman upheld decisions per 100k residents","domain":"complaints","unit":"rate_per_100k","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":true,"notes":"As published by the Ombudsman, using its own population figures","source":"Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman — annual review data","source_url":"https://www.lgo.org.uk/information-centre/reports/annual-review-reports/local-government-complaint-reviews"},"lgsco_compliance_rate":{"name":"Ombudsman recommendations implemented","domain":"complaints","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":false,"notes":"Context only: median is 100% so it barely separates councils","source":"Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman — annual review data","source_url":"https://www.lgo.org.uk/information-centre/reports/annual-review-reports/local-government-complaint-reviews"},"lgsco_timely_compliance_rate":{"name":"Ombudsman recommendations implemented on time","domain":"complaints","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":true,"notes":null,"source":"Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman — annual review data","source_url":"https://www.lgo.org.uk/information-centre/reports/annual-review-reports/local-government-complaint-reviews"},"lgsco_satisfactory_remedy_rate":{"name":"Upheld complaints already remedied by the council before reaching the Ombudsman","domain":"complaints","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":false,"notes":"Context only - rewards good local complaint handling but counts are small","source":"Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman — annual review data","source_url":"https://www.lgo.org.uk/information-centre/reports/annual-review-reports/local-government-complaint-reviews"},"ro_net_revenue_expenditure":{"name":"Net revenue expenditure","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":"RS line: net revenue expenditure","source":"ro_rs","source_url":null},"ro_waste_disposal_levy":{"name":"Waste disposal authority levy","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":"Paid to a joint waste disposal authority instead of RO5 disposal spend","source":"ro_rs","source_url":null},"reserves_unallocated_end":{"name":"Unallocated reserves at year end","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":false,"notes":null,"source":"ro_rs","source_url":null},"reserves_unallocated_start":{"name":"Unallocated reserves at year start","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":false,"notes":null,"source":"ro_rs","source_url":null},"reserves_earmarked_other_end":{"name":"Other earmarked reserves at year end","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":false,"notes":"Excludes schools public health and DSG reserves","source":"ro_rs","source_url":null},"reserves_earmarked_other_start":{"name":"Other earmarked reserves at year start","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":false,"notes":null,"source":"ro_rs","source_url":null},"ro_debt_servicing":{"name":"General fund debt servicing costs","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":"RS: provision for repayment of principal (MRP) + external interest payments + HRA item 8 interest (negative: paid over by the Housing Revenue Account)","source":"ro_rs","source_url":null},"dsg_adjustment_account_end":{"name":"Dedicated schools grant adjustment account at year end","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":false,"notes":"Negative = accumulated high-needs (SEND) deficit held off balance sheet under the statutory override","source":"ro_rs","source_url":null},"ro_total_service_nce":{"name":"Total service net current expenditure","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":null,"source":"ro_rsx","source_url":null},"ro_adult_social_care_nce":{"name":"Adult social care net current expenditure","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":null,"source":"ro_rsx","source_url":null},"ro_children_social_care_nce":{"name":"Children's social care net current expenditure","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":null,"source":"ro_rsx","source_url":null},"ro_waste_services_nce":{"name":"Waste collection disposal recycling and minimisation net current expenditure","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":null,"source":"ro_ro5","source_url":null},"ro_development_control_nce":{"name":"Development control net current expenditure","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":"Net of planning fee income - can be negative","source":"ro_ro5","source_url":null},"population_total":{"name":"Population","domain":"population","unit":"count","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":false,"notes":"ONS mid-year estimate","source":"ONS — Mid-year population estimates","source_url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates"},"population_0_17":{"name":"Population aged 0-17","domain":"population","unit":"count","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":false,"notes":null,"source":"ONS — Mid-year population estimates","source_url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates"},"population_65_plus_pct":{"name":"Population aged 65 and over","domain":"population","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":false,"notes":null,"source":"ONS — Mid-year population estimates","source_url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates"},"dwellings_total":{"name":"Dwellings","domain":"population","unit":"count","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":false,"notes":"MHCLG Live Table 100","source":"dwellings","source_url":null},"rural_share_pct":{"name":"Share of census output areas classed rural","domain":"geography","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":"ONS 2021 Rural Urban Classification of census output areas, via the ONS Postcode Directory: rural areas / all areas with a live postcode. Output areas have similar populations, so this approximates the share of residents in rural areas; not ONS's own council-level classification. Used from methodology v2.0 in the waste value-for-money model (collecting over distance costs more), design.md §18","source":"ONS — Postcode Directory, with the 2021 Rural Urban Classification of output areas","source_url":"https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/search?q=ONS%20Postcode%20Directory"},"imd_average_score":{"name":"Index of Multiple Deprivation average score","domain":"deprivation","unit":"score","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":"Higher = more deprived","source":"MHCLG — English indices of deprivation 2025","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2025"},"idaci_average_score":{"name":"Income deprivation affecting children average score","domain":"deprivation","unit":"score","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":null,"source":"MHCLG — English indices of deprivation 2025","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2025"},"idaopi_average_score":{"name":"Income deprivation affecting older people average score","domain":"deprivation","unit":"score","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":null,"source":"MHCLG — English indices of deprivation 2025","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2025"},"spend_waste_per_dwelling":{"name":"Net waste spend per dwelling (incl. disposal levy)","domain":"waste_value","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":true,"notes":"RO5 collection + disposal + recycling + minimisation plus RS waste disposal levy / dwellings","source":"Calculated from MHCLG Revenue Outturn and Capital Outturn Return, ONS population, MHCLG dwelling stock and planning statistics","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/local-authority-revenue-expenditure-and-financing"},"spend_planning_per_decision":{"name":"Net development control cost per planning decision","domain":"planning_value","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":true,"notes":"RO5 development control (net of fees) / planning decisions in the year","source":"Calculated from MHCLG Revenue Outturn and Capital Outturn Return, ONS population, MHCLG dwelling stock and planning statistics","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/local-authority-revenue-expenditure-and-financing"},"spend_total_per_head":{"name":"Net service spend per resident","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":"RSX total service net current expenditure / population","source":"Calculated from MHCLG Revenue Outturn and Capital Outturn Return, ONS population, MHCLG dwelling stock and planning statistics","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/local-authority-revenue-expenditure-and-financing"},"planning_decisions_total":{"name":"Planning decisions in the financial year","domain":"planning","unit":"count","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":false,"notes":"All application types incl. those under performance agreements","source":"MHCLG — Planning application statistics (PS2)","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/live-tables-on-planning-application-statistics"},"efs_agreed":{"name":"Exceptional Financial Support agreed","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":"Amount agreed in principle for the year (latest revision)","source":"MHCLG — Exceptional Financial Support for local authorities","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/exceptional-financial-support-for-local-authorities"},"audit_status_latest":{"name":"Audit opinion on the latest accounts","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"text","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":"Public Sector Audit Appointments: status of the audit opinion on the latest year's accounts. Context only, not scored: nearly every metropolitan and London borough is affected by the national audit backlog","source":"psaa_opinions","source_url":null},"audit_years_without_opinion":{"name":"Years of the last three with no audit opinion signed","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"count","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":"Public Sector Audit Appointments. Context only, not scored","source":"psaa_opinions","source_url":null},"cor_cfr_end":{"name":"Capital financing requirement at 31 March","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":"COR C: the council's underlying need to borrow for capital spending, incl. PFI and leases. Whole authority, incl. Housing Revenue Account","source":"cor_c","source_url":null},"cor_hra_cfr_end":{"name":"Capital financing requirement used for council housing (HRA) at 31 March","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":"COR HRA supplement: only councils that keep council housing appear; absent means none","source":"cor_hra","source_url":null},"cor_gross_debt_end":{"name":"Gross debt at 31 March","domain":"finance_inputs","unit":"GBP","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":false,"notes":"COR C: external borrowing plus other long-term liabilities (PFI and finance leases). Whole authority, incl. 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Negative = drawing down reserves","source":"Calculated from MHCLG Revenue Outturn and Capital Outturn Return, ONS population, MHCLG dwelling stock and planning statistics","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/local-authority-revenue-expenditure-and-financing"},"fh_dsg_deficit_pct_nre":{"name":"High-needs (DSG) deficit as a share of net revenue expenditure","domain":"dsg_deficit","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":true,"notes":"Negative DSG adjustment account at year end / net revenue expenditure. These deficits sit in an unusable reserve under a statutory override. For 2026-27 the government is offering councils with an approved SEND reform plan a High Needs Stability Grant covering 90% of the deficit recorded at 31 March 2026 (GOV.UK, High needs funding 2026 to 2027 operational guide). This measure is the deficit before any such grant","source":"Calculated from MHCLG Revenue Outturn and Capital Outturn Return, ONS population, MHCLG dwelling stock and planning statistics","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/local-authority-revenue-expenditure-and-financing"},"fh_debt_servicing_pct_nre":{"name":"Debt servicing costs as a share of net revenue expenditure","domain":"debt","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":true,"notes":"Repaying principal (MRP) plus external interest, less interest paid by the Housing Revenue Account, / net revenue expenditure. How much of each year's budget goes on past borrowing. Excludes leases","source":"Calculated from MHCLG Revenue Outturn and Capital Outturn Return, ONS population, MHCLG dwelling stock and planning statistics","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/local-authority-revenue-expenditure-and-financing"},"fh_gf_cfr_pct_nre":{"name":"Borrowing need (excluding council housing) as a share of net revenue expenditure","domain":"debt","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":true,"notes":"Capital financing requirement at 31 March (what the council has borrowed or committed to repay for capital spending, incl. PFI and leases) less the part used for council housing / net revenue expenditure. Capital data is a year older than spending data","source":"Calculated from MHCLG Revenue Outturn and Capital Outturn Return, ONS population, MHCLG dwelling stock and planning statistics","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/local-authority-revenue-expenditure-and-financing"},"fh_efs_pct_nre":{"name":"Exceptional Financial Support over three years as a share of net revenue expenditure","domain":"bailouts","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":false,"ranked":true,"notes":"Sum of EFS agreed for the last three financial years / net revenue expenditure. 0 = none","source":"Calculated from MHCLG Revenue Outturn and Capital Outturn Return, ONS population, MHCLG dwelling stock and planning statistics","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/local-authority-revenue-expenditure-and-financing"},"ofsted_overall":{"name":"Ofsted overall effectiveness (children's services)","domain":"children_services","unit":"grade","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":true,"notes":"Most recent ILACS judgement: 4 Outstanding - 3 Good - 2 Requires improvement - 1 Inadequate","source":"Ofsted — Local authority inspection outcomes","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/local-authority-inspection-outcomes-as-at-31-march-2026"},"ofsted_subjudgements":{"name":"Ofsted sub-judgements (average)","domain":"children_services","unit":"grade","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":true,"notes":"Average of the leadership / help and protection / children in care / care leavers judgements","source":"Ofsted — Local authority inspection outcomes","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/local-authority-inspection-outcomes-as-at-31-march-2026"},"asc_quality_of_life_adjusted":{"name":"Quality of life of people who use services (adjusted)","domain":"adult_social_care","unit":"score","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":true,"notes":"ASCOF 1B. Adjusted for factors outside the council's control","source":"DHSC — Adult Social Care Outcomes Framework","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/measures-from-the-adult-social-care-outcomes-framework-england-2024-to-2025"},"asc_user_satisfaction":{"name":"People who use services satisfied with their care and support","domain":"adult_social_care","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":true,"notes":"ASCOF 1D","source":"DHSC — Adult Social Care Outcomes Framework","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/measures-from-the-adult-social-care-outcomes-framework-england-2024-to-2025"},"asc_reablement_at_home":{"name":"Older people still at home 12 weeks after hospital discharge into reablement","domain":"adult_social_care","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":true,"notes":"ASCOF 2D part 1","source":"DHSC — Adult Social Care Outcomes Framework","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/measures-from-the-adult-social-care-outcomes-framework-england-2024-to-2025"},"asc_living_at_home":{"name":"Adults aged 18 to 64 with a learning disability who live in their own home or with family","domain":"adult_social_care","unit":"percent","higher_is_better":true,"ranked":true,"notes":"ASCOF 2E(1). 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